The casual subculture is a subsection of football culture that is typified by hooliganism and the wearing of expensive designer clothing[1][2][3][4][5] (known as "clobber"). The subculture originated in the United Kingdom in the early 1980s when many hooligans started wearing designer clothing labels and expensive sportswear such as Stone Island, CP Company, Lacoste, Sergio Tacchini, Fila, Hackett, ellesse, Napapijri, & Fred Perry in order to avoid the attention of police and to intimidate rivals.[citation needed] They did not wear club colours, so it was easier to infiltrate rival groups and to enter pubs. Some casuals have worn clothing items similar to those worn by mods.[citation needed] Casuals have been portrayed in films and television programmes such as ID, The Firm, The Football Factory, and Green Street.[citation needed] The documentary Casuals: The Story of the Legendary Terrace Fashion featuring Pat Nevin, Peter Hooton and Gary Bushell amongst others is about the fashion that started in the late 70s and into the 1980s.[6][7]
The history of using mulching to enhance crop production dates back to around 500 BCE, as shown in Figure 1. It is from that age that the first documented proof of the use of organic matter as a mulch film has been obtained [3]. The material used gradually changed to stones, pebbles and volcanic ash in the 1600s, although these were mostly used in arid regions. In the 1800s the Parisian market gardeners found that the use of straw as mulching material for strawberry production was beneficial. Thus, over a span of hundreds of years, different naturally available materials were tried and used for mulching depending upon climatic conditions in different parts of the world [4]. As science advanced in the 20th century, mulching was also revolutionized. Paper sheets were introduced as mulch films in the 1920s, followed by the commercialization of plastic, specifically polyethylene films for mulching in the late 1950s. Plastic mulching gained popularity and proved to be very effective. However, the negative impact of plastic became evident within three decades and by the early 1980s photo-degradable and oxo-degradable plastics were introduced as an alternative to polyethylene based films. It soon became apparent that these polymers did not degrade in field conditions and generated microplastics [5]. Research was accelerated in this area and in 2006 the first biodegradable plastic mulch film was introduced in the market commercially. Following this, a number of biodegradable mulch films were manufactured by companies throughout the world. It was not until 2021, however, that the Food and Agriculture Organization, which is a part of the United Nations Organization, gave its recommendation to replace conventional and non-biodegradable polymers with bio-based and biodegradable materials for mulching practices [6].
Cp Company Present Exclusive Very Expensive Films
Many factors affect the biodegradation of a polymer, including environmental conditions and the characteristics of the polymer, as shown in Figure 8. Environmental conditions may further be categorized as abiotic or biotic factors [50]. Abiotic factors include temperature, moisture, pH, and the presence of UV radiation. It has been reported in numerous studies that the temperature of the soil has a significant effect on the initiation of the biodegradation process, and lower temperatures decrease the rate at which the polymer is broken down [81]. Soil moisture is important and may become a limiting factor when fragmentation proceeds through hydrolysis. It is less likely to slow down degradation during irrigation periods, but has a marked effect if the moisture content drops too low or increases to the extent of making the soil anoxic [74,82]. Soil pH has a marked effect on the metabolism of microorganisms which, in turn, has an impact on their ability to degrade mulch films. It has been observed that generally soils with a neutral pH show maximum biodegradation, although depending on the type of microorganisms present there may be exceptions [83]. Ultraviolet radiation has a direct impact on the breakdown of mulch films. Experiments have shown that UV radiation speeds up biodegradation two-fold [84]. Biotic factors that affect biodegradation include the type of microorganisms present, the enzymes produced by them, and their ability to colonize the surface of the mulch films to initiate biodegradation. Climate and soil characteristics define the type of microbial communities present indigenously. Whilst it is mostly bacteria that are involved in biodegradation, the presence of fungi may accelerate the process in some cases [85].
Boston Scientific, a global medical device manufacturer based in Natick, Massachusetts, announced that it has successfully enrolled a patient in an Evolve II trial of the company's Synergy stent. The Synergy drug-eluting stent is used for the delivery of targeted medications. With data from the clinical trial, the company hopes to provide further backing for its approval applications in Japan and the United States.The company's Synergy stent is coated with a specialized polymer with bioabsorbable properties. The coating on the stent is designed to absorb everolimus, a potent chemotherapy drug. Once in the body, everolimus will be eluted front the stent for up to 90 days. According to a press release by the company, the clinical trial will comprise 2,000 patients and will last for at least five years.Kevin Ballinger is the interventional cardiology president at Boston Scientific. In prepared remarks, he said, "We continue to strengthen our drug-eluting stent portfolio with innovations like the Synergy system in an effort to increase the advanced treatment options available to physicians and patients." He continued, "This underscores our commitment to the drug-eluting stent market and reinforces our position as a global market leader."The upcoming clinical trial of the company's Synergy drug-eluting stent follows CE Mark approval of the device. With approval by the European Union, the company plans to start a commercial rollout of the new stent technology as soon as 2013.Referenceswww.bscintlpresskit.com/IC_PR.html This Week in Devices [ 11/30/2012 ]: Prosthetics Present Challenges and InnovationNov 30, 2012
For example, the company's PerfecForm ICE forming film and Perfecflex QE bag film series 36670 offer some of the highest performance levels per unit thickness of any films in the industry, Haedt claims. Perfecseal has also developed Opalen MD, a proprietary nylon/polyethylene coextruded film designed for lighter-weight applications that can be run at high speeds. "Measuring 55 µm, this film is thin, but due to the nylon component, it has excellent puncture resistance and tensile strength," Haedt adds. The film can be sealed to such substrates as films, heat-seal coated and uncoated papers, and Tyvek.
Downgauging is a concern for other companies as well. Thus, Sealed Air's Latitude ML29C forming film enables medical device manufacturers to downgauge from other films by as much as 30%, Berendt comments. As a result, one of the company's customers has moved from a 10-mil EVA/Ionomer/EVA film to a 7-mil Latitude film to package a procedural kit that includes a syringe and other light consumables for the U.S. market. Because the film is thinner than competing films with equivalent or better mechanical properties, more material can be wound on 50-lb rolls, according to Berendt. Thus, the amount of downtime required for roll changeovers has been reduced, leaving more time for production.
While the company's ability to seal pouch-forming films directly to uncoated papers is not new, providing packaging materials with medical device-quality peel appearance and fiber-free peel seals at the industry target of 1-lb seal strength is new. "We combined our highly popular PerfecForm ICE film platform with this new sealing technology under the PaperLock CP system," Haedt notes. "This system can form a range of web thicknesses and paper thicknesses to cover a broad range of package performance requirements."
Brider: The advantage of dip molding is that the tooling is inexpensive and that it can be used to perform short runs because of the low tooling costs. As a result, many parts can be produced for pennies apiece. The technique is also good for manufacturing thin-wall parts in a cost-effective way. Consequently, it can be used to manufacture such medical devices as balloons.When using such materials as PVC or plastisol, dip molding can create devices with walls ranging in thickness from 0.008 to 0.010 in. When using latex, you can achieve wall thicknesses down to 0.004 or 0.005 in. Thus, the technology can make very thin-wall parts. In addition to the technology's ability to produce thin-wall components, it works with such shape-memory stretchable, elastic materials as latex and more-rigid materials such as PVC.MPMN: Step by step, how is the dip-molding process performed?Brider: Dip molding is a very simple process. First, the tool has to be heated. When that step has been completed, the tool is inserted into the plastisol or latex, and then it is placed in an oven for curing. Plastisol or PVC cures much faster than latex--minutes at the most. Latex, in contrast, cures at a much lower temperature and often has to be cured overnight.MPMN: Why would a manufacturer decide to use dip molding as opposed to a more common technique such as injection molding?Brider: It's a lot less expensive to use dip molding than injection molding. The equipment is pretty simple. For example, a fairly sizable oven is available for less than $50,000. In addition, water tanks, dip tanks, and tooling are relatively inexpensive. Moreover, tooling is usually available for prices in the high hundreds to the low thousands of dollars, depending on how many tools you need to make a part. While cheap injection-molding tools cost at least $10,000, expensive dip-molding tools cost perhaps $2000. 2ff7e9595c
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